Implemented Standards

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The following table lists the RFCs, drafts and standards related to IKE and IPsec. An overview of IKE and IPsec related RFC's is available in RFC 6071.

Implementation status can be: implemented (yes, vX.X), planned (p), not implemented (-), will not be implemented (X) and work in progress (wip)

All the standards, including drafts can be found at IP Security Maintenance and Extensions

IKEv2 RFC 7296

Standard Description Status Comments
RFC 9478 Labeled IPsec Traffic Selector support for IKEv2 v4.4
RFC 9464 Configuration for Encrypted DNS
RFC 9370 Intermediate Exchange in the IKEv2 Protocol aka IKE_INTERMEDIATE + IKE_FOLLOWUP_KE
RFC 9347 Aggregation and Fragmentation Mode for Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Its Use for IP Traffic Flow Security (IP-TFS) p
RFC 9242 Intermediate Exchange in the IKEv2 Protocol v aka IKE_INTERMEDIATE
RFC 8784 Postquantum Preshared Keys for IKEv2 v3.25
RFC 8420 Using the Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) in the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) wip Code is available in a branch, but requires NSS patches - waiting on NSS merge before merging into libreswan
RFC 8247 Algorithm Implementation Requirements and Usage Guidance for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) v
RFC 8229 TCP Encapsulation of IKE and IPsec Packets v4.0 IKE over TCP implemented and IKE over ESP supported on Linux 5.6+ kernels. Does not currently support IKE/ESP over TLS
RFC 8019 Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks -
RFC 7815 Minimal Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) Initiator Implementation X This is a really just a subset of IKEv2 RFC 7296
RFC 7670 Generic Raw Public-Key Support for IKEv2 p raw RSA public keys are supported using the core IKE RFCs
RFC 7651 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) Option for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) -
RFC 7634 ChaCha20, Poly1305, and Their Use in the IKE Protocol and IPsec v3.26
RFC 7619 The NULL Authentication Method in the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) v
RFC 7427 Signature Authentication in the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) v a.k.a. DIGSIG
Implementation supports RSS-PSS (v3.26) and ECDSA(v3.26) and RSA-v1.5 (v4.7)
RFC 7383 Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Message Fragmentation v
RFC 7296 Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) v Obsoletes RFC 5996 and RFC 4718
RFC 6989 Additional Diffie-Hellman Tests for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) N/A This work is or needs to be done inside the nss library
RFC 6954 Using the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Brainpool Curves for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) -
RFC 6932 Brainpool Elliptic Curves for the IKE Group Description Registry -
RFC 6867 An Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Extension to Support EAP Re-authentication Protocol (ERP) -
RFC 6631 Password Authenticated Connection Establishment with IKEv2 -
RFC 6628 Efficient Augmented Password-Only Authentication and Key Exchange for IKEv2 -
RFC 6617 Secure Pre-Shared Key (PSK) Authentication for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE) -
RFC 6467 Secure Password Framework for IKEv2 -
RFC 6311 Protocol Support for High Availability of IKEv2/IPsec -
RFC 6290 A Quick Crash Detection Method for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE) p
RFC 6027 IPsec Cluster Problem Statement N/A
RFC 6023 A Childless Initiation of the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) Security Association (SA) -
RFC 5998 An Extension for EAP-only Authentication in IKEv2 wip
RFC 5930 Using Advanced Encryption Standard Counter Mode (AES-CTR) with the Internet Key Exchange version 02 (IKEv2) Protocol v
RFC 5903 ECP Groups for IKE and IKEv2 v
RFC 5857 IKEv2 Extensions to Support Robust Header Compression over IPsec -
RFC 5739 IPv6 Configuration in Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) -
RFC 5723 Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Session Resumption wip
RFC 5685 Redirect Mechanism for IKEv2 v3.28
RFC 5282 Using Authenticated Encryption Algorithms with the Encrypted Payload of the IKEv2 Protocol v Only AES_GCM is implemented. AES_CCM requires support in the nss library
RFC 5026 Mobile IPv6 Bootstrapping in Split Scenario -
RFC 4806 Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) Extensions to IKEv2 - Regular OCSP fetching outside of IKE is supported.
RFC 4754 IKE and IKEv2 Authentication Using the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) p Needs to be interop tested with Microsoft, see https://github.com/libreswan/libreswan/issues/659
RFC 4739 Multiple Authentication Exchanges in the IKEv2 Protocol p
RFC 4621 Design of the IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming (MOBIKE) Protocol N/A
RFC 4615 The AES-Cipher-based Message Authentication Code-Pseudo-Random Function-128 (AES-CMAC-PRF-128) Algorithm for IKE p CMAC is supoorted as INTEG (for ESP/IKE) but not as PRF(for IKE) - this is pending support in the NSS library.
RFC 4595 Use of IKEv2 in the Fibre Channel Security Association Management Protocol -
RFC 4555 IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Protocol (MOBIKE) v "Additional Addresses" not supported
RFC 4478 Repeated Authentication in Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol p
RFC 4307 Cryptographic Algorithms for Use in the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) v Obsoleted by RFC 8247
draft-brunner-ikev2-mediation IKEv2 Mediation Extension -
draft-laganier-ike-ipv6-cga Using IKE with IPv6 Cryptographically Generated Addresses -
draft-ietf-ipsecme-split-dns Split DNS Configuration for IKEv2 p INTERNAL_DOMAIN implemented, INTERNAL_TA_DNSSEC not yet implemented
draft-ietf-ipsecme-ikev2-auth-announce Announcing Supported Authentication Methods in IKEv2 Internet-Draft
draft-pwouters-ipsecme-multi-sa-performance IKEv2 support for per-queue Child SAs Internet-Draft
draft-smyslov-ipsecme-ikev2-qr-alt Alternative Approach for Mixing Preshared Keys in IKEv2 for Post-quantum Security Internet-Draft
draft-ietf-ipsecme-ikev2-sa-ts-payloads-opt IKEv2 Optional SA&TS Payloads in Child Exchange Internet-Draft

IKEv1

Standard Description Status Comments
RFC 4304 Extended Sequence Number (ESN) Addendum to IPsec Domain of Interpretation (DOI) for Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)
RFC 3947 Negotiation of NAT-Traversal in the IKE v known as "NATT" or "ESPinUDP"
RFC 3706 A Traffic-Based Method of Detecting Dead Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Peers v known as "DPD"; IKEv2's equivalent is "liveness"
RFC 3526 More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups v
RFC 2409 Internet Key Exchange (IKE) v Revised Mode not implemented
RFC 2408 Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) v
RFC 2407 IPsec Domain of Interpretation for ISAKMP (IPsec DoI) v
draft-dukes-ike-mode-cfg The ISAKMP Configuration Method v
draft-ietf-ipsec-isakmp-xauth Extended Authentication within ISAKMP/Oakley (XAUTH) v
draft-jenkins-ipsec-rekeying IPsec Re-keying Issues v Implementation differs on some point but accomplishes the same
draft-ietf-ipsec-isakmp-hybrid-auth A Hybrid Authentication Mode for IKE X

IPsec

Standard Description Status Comments
RFC 4302 IP Authentication Header (AH) v Obsoletes: 2402
RFC 4303 IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) v Obsoletes: 2406
RFC 8750 Implicit Initialization Vector (IV) for Counter-Based Ciphers in Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) -
RFC 8221 Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation Requirements and Usage Guidance for Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) v Obsoletes RFC 7321
RFC 7321 Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation Requirements and Usage Guidance for Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) v Obsoleted by RFC 8221
RFC 7018 Auto-Discovery VPN Problem Statement and Requirements N/A
RFC 6479 IPsec Anti-Replay Algorithm without Bit Shifting ?
RFC 6379 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec v Not all ciphers are implemented
RFC 6380 Suite B Profile for Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) v
RFC 5879 Heuristics for Detecting ESP-NULL Packets N/A
RFC 5840 Wrapped Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) for Traffic Visibility X
RFC 5660 IPsec Channels: Connection Latching X
RFC 5529 Modes of Operation for Camellia for Use with IPsec v
RFC 5114 Additional Diffie-Hellman Groups for Use with IETF Standards v Only DH22,23,24 - remainder planned
RFC 4868 Using HMAC-SHA-256, HMAC-SHA-384, and HMAC-SHA-512 with IPsec v
RFC 4543 The Use of Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) in IPsec ESP and AH X Kernel support is availble, ike support is not
RFC 4494 The AES-CMAC-96 Algorithm and Its Use with IPsec X
RFC 4309 Using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) CCM Mode with IPsec ESP v
RFC 4308 Cryptographic Suites for IPsec
RFC 4304 Extended Sequence Number (ESN) Addendum to IPsec DOI for ISAKMP v
RFC 4303 IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) v Obsoletes: 2406
RFC 4302 IP Authentication Header (AH) v Obsoletes: 2402
RFC 4301 Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol v
RFC 4106 The Use of Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) in IPsec ESP v
RFC 3948 UDP Encapsulation of IPsec ESP Packets v
RFC 3686 Using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Counter Mode With IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) v
RFC 3602 The AES-CBC Cipher Algorithm and Its Use with IPsec v
RFC 2451 The ESP CBC-Mode Cipher Algorithms v
RFC 2410 The NULL Encryption Algorithm and Its Use With IPsec v
draft-antony-ipsecme-oppo-nat NAT-Traversal support for Opportunistic IPsec v Experimental
draft-nikander-esp-beet-mode A Bound End-to-End Tunnel (BEET) mode for ESP X Never ratified, but it is the scenario where a Linux kernel state's selector does not match the state's src/dst address.

EAP

Standard Description Status Comments
RFC-9190 EAP-TLS 1.3: Using the Extensible Authentication Protocol with TLS 1.3 v4.7
RFC-5998 An Extension for EAP-Only Authentication in IKEv2 v4.7?
RFC-5216 The EAP-TLS Authentication Protocol Updated by RFC-9190
RFC-3748 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
RFC-2716 PPP EAP TLS Authentication Protocol Obsoleted by RFC-5216

PF KEY V2

  • most BSD derived systems implement a flavour of PF KEY v2 using the KAME code base as a starting point
  • even Linux, which implements XFRM, has borrowed concepts from PF KEY v2
Standard Description Status Comments
RFC-2367 PF_KEY Key Management API, Version 2 v4.7 SADB messages to set up kernel state on BSD machines
draft-schilcher-mobike-pfkey-extension-01 MOBIKE Extensions for PF_KEY v4.7 also defines KAME's SPD extensions to set up kernel policy on BSD machine
PF_KEY Extensions for IPsec Policy Management in KAME Stack Post to KAME mailing list about PF KEY Some background


Cryptography: AEAD, Public Keys (formats, standards, DNS records) ...

Standard Description Status Comments
RFC-8813 Clarifications for Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key Information
RFC-7468 Textual Encodings of PKIX, PKCS, and CMS Structures v ipsec showhostkey --pem: outputs 13. Textual Encoding of Subject Public Key Info
RFC-6605 Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) for DNSSEC "ipsec --ipseckey" and "ipseckey --{left,right}" both dump ECDSA keys using the format described in 4. DNSKEY and RRSIG Resource Records for ECDSA
RFC-5280 Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile See 4.1.2.7. Subject Public Key Info
RFC-4648 The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings v see datatot()
RFC-4034 Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions
RFC-4025 A Method for Storing IPsec Keying Material in DNS v ipsec showhostkey --ipseckey: outputs the text for an IPSECKEY RR record
Algorithm 1, DSA: 2. DSA KEY Resource Records
Algorithm 2, RSA: RFC-3110 2. RSA Public KEY Resource Records
Algorithm 3, ECDSA: RFC-6605 4. DNSKEY and RRSIG Resource Records for ECDSA
Algorithm 4 will probably use RFC-5280 4.1.2.7. Subject Public Key Info
RFC-3110 RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS) v "ipsec --ipseckey" and "ipseckey --{left,right}" dump RSA keys using the format described in 2. RSA Public KEY Resource Records.
RFC-2536 DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS) This won't be implemented.
RFC-1421 Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part I: Message Encryption and Authentication Procedures Origins of PEM format.
draft-irtf-cfrg-aead-limits Usage Limits on AEAD Algorithms Hopefully answers the question of what limits to place on AEAD.